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Identity & Botany
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | Green Onion |
| Scientific name | Allium fistulosum |
| Family / Genus | Amaryllidaceae / — |
| Produce category | Allium |
| FSMA 204 covered? | No |
| PLU — conventional | 4609 |
| PLU — organic | 94609 |
| AGROVOC URI | c_3334 |
Source: GDF v2.1.1 s01_identity. External: FAO AGROVOC.
Varieties
Estimated commercial varieties: 50.
| Variety | Market share | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Evergreen Bunching | 25% | One of the most popular and widely adapted varieties. Known for its vigorous growth, cold hardiness, and ability to overwinter. Produces long, slender white shanks and dark green tops. Excellent for c |
| Tokyo Long White | 20% | A classic Japanese bunching onion, highly valued for its long, pure white shanks and mild, sweet flavor. Grows upright and is relatively uniform. Good for both fresh market and processing. |
| Parade | 15% | A popular hybrid known for its excellent uniformity, vigor, and disease resistance. Produces attractive, upright plants with long, straight white shanks and dark green leaves. Well-suited for commerci |
| Ishikura | 10% | A Japanese type that produces very long, slender white shanks and dark green tops. Known for its cold tolerance and ability to be harvested over a long season. Good for both fresh use and cooking. |
| White Lisbon | 8% | A very old and reliable heirloom variety, known for its quick growth and adaptability. Produces slender white shanks and bright green tops. Excellent for early spring planting and successive harvests. |
| Kanda | 7% | A vigorous hybrid bunching onion with good uniformity and strong root systems. Produces long, straight white shanks and dark green foliage. Offers good disease resistance and adaptability to various g |
| Nabechan | 5% | A fast-growing hybrid known for its ability to produce multiple harvests. Features long, slender white shanks and upright green leaves. Good for both fresh market and home gardens. |
Source: GDF v2.1.1 s04_varieties.variety_summaries.
Post-Harvest Handling
Temperature
- Chilling injury threshold: null°F.
- Freezing point: 30.5°F. Hard limit.
- Handling urgency: 4 / 5.
Ethylene
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Production class | very_low |
| Production rate (20°C) | 0.1 µL/kg·hr typical (0.05–0.1) |
| Sensitivity class | low |
| Sensitivity threshold | null ppm |
| Climacteric? | No |
Agent note: Green onions are non-climacteric and produce very little ethylene. They are not highly sensitive to ethylene, but prolonged exposure can accelerate yellowing and senescence.
Mixed-load compatibility
Avoid mixing with commodities that readily absorb odors.
Operational flags
- Can be top-iced? Yes
- Light-sensitive? No
Source: GDF v2.1.1 s07_harvest_post_harvest.
Market Intelligence
Demand
Stable to slightly increasing, driven by culinary versatility and ethnic food trends.
Elasticity
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Price elasticity | -0.6 |
| Income elasticity | 0.2 |
| Organic premium elasticity | -1 |
Market share by variety
| Variety | Share |
|---|---|
| Conventional | 88% |
| Organic | 12% |
Pack sizes
- 24 count (bunches)
- 48 count (bunches)
- 12 count (larger bunches for foodservice)
Source: GDF v2.1.1 s09_market_intelligence.
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