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Identity & Botany
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | Kumquat |
| Scientific name | Citrus japonica |
| Family / Genus | Rutaceae / — |
| Produce category | Citrus |
| FSMA 204 covered? | No |
| PLU — conventional | 4200 |
| PLU — organic | 94200 |
| AGROVOC URI | c_20000 |
Source: GDF v2.1.1 s01_identity. External: FAO AGROVOC.
Varieties
Estimated commercial varieties: 7.
| Variety | Market share | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Nagami Kumquat | 65% | The most common commercial variety. Oval-shaped fruit with a tart, juicy pulp and a sweet, aromatic edible rind. Excellent for fresh eating, preserves, and marmalades. |
| Meiwa Kumquat | 25% | Rounder and generally sweeter than Nagami, with a thicker, less tart rind. Often preferred for fresh eating due to its balanced sweet-tart flavor profile. |
| Nordmann Seedless Nagami | 7% | A seedless mutation of the Nagami kumquat, offering the same classic tart pulp and sweet rind without the inconvenience of seeds. Gaining popularity in the fresh market. |
| Fukushu Kumquat | 2% | Also known as Changshou Kumquat. Bell-shaped or pear-shaped fruit with a sweet, juicy pulp and a thin, sweet rind. Less common in the US market but valued for its sweetness. |
| Centennial Kumquat | 1% | Distinctive for its variegated leaves and fruit, which display green and yellow stripes when young, maturing to orange. Offers a sweet-tart flavor. Often grown ornamentally but fruit is edible. |
Source: GDF v2.1.1 s04_varieties.variety_summaries.
Post-Harvest Handling
Temperature
- Chilling injury threshold: 41°F.
- Freezing point: 29.5°F. Hard limit.
- Handling urgency: 3 / 5.
Ethylene
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Production class | very_low |
| Production rate (20°C) | 0.05 µL/kg·hr typical (0.01–0.1) |
| Sensitivity class | low |
| Sensitivity threshold | 1 ppm |
| Climacteric? | No |
Agent note: Kumquats are non-climacteric and produce very little ethylene. They are also not very sensitive to external ethylene.
Mixed-load compatibility
Compatible with other low ethylene producers and low ethylene sensitive produce. Avoid strong odor emitters.
Operational flags
- Can be top-iced? No
- Light-sensitive? No
Source: GDF v2.1.1 s07_harvest_post_harvest.
Market Intelligence
Demand
Stable, niche market with slight growth in specialty produce segment
Elasticity
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Price elasticity | -0.8 |
| Income elasticity | 0.7 |
| Organic premium elasticity | -0.5 |
Market share by variety
| Variety | Share |
|---|---|
| Nagami | 60% |
| Meiwa | 30% |
| Fukushu | 5% |
| Centennial | 5% |
Pack sizes
- 1 lb clamshell
- 5 lb case
- 10 lb case
Source: GDF v2.1.1 s09_market_intelligence.
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