This commodity profile was rendered from
knowledge.domain = commodity, key = orange(GDF v2.0, 3488 attributes, 28 sections).Renderer:
commodity_profile_rendererv1.0.0. Source row version:knowledge_forge_gdf_v2.0_export_2026-04-06.
Identity & Botany
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| Canonical name | Orange |
| Scientific name | Citrus sinensis |
| Family / Genus | Rutaceae / Citrus |
| Produce category | Citrus |
| Produce subcategory | Sweet Orange |
| FSMA 204 covered? | No |
| PLU — conventional | 4012 |
| PLU — organic | 94012 |
| AGROVOC URI | c_5379 |
Source: GDF v2.1.1 s01_identity. External: FAO AGROVOC.
Varieties
Estimated commercial varieties: 45.
| Variety | Market share | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Valencia | 35% | Premier juice orange, late-season harvest (March-July), sweet flavor, thin rind, few seeds, fruit can re-green on tree in warm weather, excellent juice quality with high sugar content |
| Navel | 30% | Seedless, easy to peel, distinctive navel formation at blossom end, excellent for fresh eating, early to mid-season (November-June), sweet with low acid, thick rind |
| Cara Cara | 8% | Pink/red flesh, seedless, low acidity, sweet berry-like flavor notes, navel variety mutation, premium pricing, mid-season harvest (December-April) |
| Blood Orange (Moro, Tarocco, Sanguinello) | 5% | Deep red flesh and rind blush, anthocyanin pigments, distinctive berry-raspberry flavor, mid to late season (December-May), premium specialty market |
| Hamlin | 7% | Early-season juice orange (October-January), cold-hardy, smooth thin rind, moderate juice quality, important in Florida production, some seeds |
| Pineapple Orange | 4% | Mid-season variety (December-February), named for tropical flavor notes, seedy, primarily juice use, important Florida variety, excellent flavor |
| Jaffa (Shamouti) | 2% | Nearly seedless, thick rind, excellent shipping quality, Mediterranean origin, limited US production, sweet flavor, dual-purpose (fresh/juice) |
| Midsweet | 3% | Mid-season juice variety (January-March), cold-tolerant, consistent production, Florida variety, good juice color and flavor, moderate seeds |
| Parson Brown | 2.5% | Very early season (October-December), cold-hardy, Florida heritage variety, seedy, primarily juice processing, lower sugar than later varieties |
| Late Valencia (Delta, Olinda, Frost) | 3.5% | Extended harvest Valencia strains (May-August), very late season, high heat tolerance, excellent juice quality, important for summer supply |
Source: GDF v2.1.1 s04_varieties.variety_summaries.
Post-Harvest Handling
Temperature
- Chilling injury threshold: 35°F.
- Freezing point: 28°F. Hard limit.
- Handling urgency: 2 / 5.
Ethylene
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Production class | very_low |
| Production rate (20°C) | 0.2 µL/kg·h typical (0.1–0.5) |
| Sensitivity class | low |
| Sensitivity threshold | 10 ppm |
| Climacteric? | No |
Agent note: Safe to transport with most commodities except strong ethylene producers like apples or bananas. Ethylene may be deliberately applied for degreening in controlled conditions (1-10 ppm at 68-82°F).
Mixed-load compatibility
citrus_group
Operational flags
- Can be top-iced? No
- Light-sensitive? No
Source: GDF v2.1.1 s07_harvest_post_harvest.
Market Intelligence
Demand
Declining fresh consumption (-1.2% annual) offset by steady juice demand. Fresh premium varieties (Cara Cara, Blood) growing 8-12% annually. Overall per capita consumption 6.8 lbs fresh equivalent down from 8.2 lbs decade prior.
Elasticity
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Price elasticity | -0.62 |
| Income elasticity | 0.28 |
| Organic premium elasticity | -0.85 |
Market share by variety
| Variety | Share |
|---|---|
| Valencia | 45% |
| Navel | 38% |
| Blood Orange | 4% |
| Cara Cara | 3% |
| Hamlin | 5% |
| Other | 5% |
Pack sizes
- 40 lb cartons (standard)
- 37.5 lb cartons
- 20 lb cartons
- 4 lb bags (retail)
- 8 lb bags (retail)
- 3 lb bags (retail)
- 5 lb bags (retail)
Source: GDF v2.1.1 s09_market_intelligence.
Rendered by commodity_profile_renderer v1.0.0 on 2026-05-15T22:30:00.000Z.